Social problems in the early 90s

Migration

The Greek people were in a bad condition after the WWII and the civil war that ended in 1949. At that time there was unemployment and also starvation in Greece. Due to the civil war and poverty that destroyed country site there was major move in big cities. People where seeking a better life in big cities. The phenomenon of urbanization was dominant and affected the qll aspects of society in the following decades. People underestimate the villages as they were abandoned and the rural sector so driven urbanization, mainly to find work in services. 

Art in the 1990s

Satellite communication tools, Computers and the Internet dominate in the 90s and Internationalization is the predominant theme of the era. Nevertheless, art seems to express a subjectivism that deserves to be observed. It has even been presented as heterogeneous and often contradictory.
In all European countries, Postmodern spread as a new style 1990’s. Postmodernism or literally the Intercultural Leadership (Transavanguardia) introduced a spirit of freedom: the freedom of the artist to take evidence from any time and from any voltage from the world of art he likes. Innovation is no longer requested nor a criterion for assessing the work, since everything has been said and

Music in Greece (25 years ago)

                                   

Music in Greece in the late 80s and in the early 90' was influenced by several factors, one of the most important was that for first time in Greece was created private broadcasting. This resulted in an abundance of supply and choice but also -in a very large extent, commercialization of the song. The Greek song since then showed tremendous diversity and variety.

Η μουσική στην Ελλάδα στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 80 και στις αρχές τις δεκαετίας του 90 επηρεάζεται από διάφορους παράγοντες, ένας από τους σπουδαιότερος είναι πως ενώ προϋπήρχε μόνο η κρατική ραδιοτηλεόραση, δημιουργήθηκε και η ιδιωτική με την πληθώρα προσφοράς και επιλογών αλλά και την -σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό- εμπορευματοποίηση. Το ελληνικό τραγούδι έκτοτε παρουσίασε τεράστια πολυμορφία και ποικιλία.

The music of the 1990 season was  a variety of items such as pop, rap, hip-hop, alternative and we have the first appearances of electronics. It was the time when the musical taste was so varied such as the concerts.Many groups  and solo artists started their career then and artists who influenced very much the music scene of the time.

Η μουσική την εποχή του 1990 αποτελεί μια ποικιλία ειδών όπως ποπ, ραπ, χιπ-χοπ, εναλλακτική και έχουμε τις πρώτες εμφανίσεις της ηλεκτρονικής. Ήταν η εποχή όπου το μουσικό γούστο ήταν τόσο ποικίλο όσο και οι συναυλίες που οργανώνονταν.Πολλά γρουπάκια και σόλο καλλιτέχνες ξεκίνησαν την καριέρα τους τότε, καλλιτέχνες που επηρέασαν πολύ την μουσική σκηνή της εποχής.

Environmental Memories 1990-2015

Environmental Memories 1990-2015 from Giannis Psifas

Environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It encompasses the interaction of all living species. Physical, biological, social, economical and cultural atmosphere affect human survival and economic activity. Concisely, the factors that affect living things are called environment. Environment contributes to our future, and if we don’t control the environment now, we can regret this some time.

Politics in Greece and Europe of the past. Flashback:25 years ago.

 Prague, (November 17 to December 29, 1989), "The Velvet Revolution". Popular demonstrations against the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia combined students and older dissidents. A new Europe arrising. 

Europe

From the first months of 1989, Europe faced the most sweeping political changes that had to happened since 1848. A huge wave of labor and social struggles swept the Eastern Europe and led to the collapse of the regimes of the state capitalism. 

Specifically: 

Romania

Nikolae Ceausescu, the last communist leader of Romania at his last speach

At 1989’s Christmas, the Romanian dictator Ceausescu executed after a concussive folksy uprising. Thus closed a whole historical period of Stalin’s regimes in Eastern Europe.

Bucurest 1989, the Revolution

Bucurest 1989, the Revolution

Poland

Lech Walesa,A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity

The beginning of end started in February of 1989, when the Polish regime invited the labor union ‘’Solidarity’’ to take part in conversations for its participation in government. This, led the dictatorial monolith to its breaking, not only Polish’s but of all the states that had capitalism regime. On June 4 of that year the status of Poland forced after years of economic and political crisis to call an election. The union ‘’Solidarity’’ wins on the elections. Finaly, on August 24, Tadeusz Mazowiecki becomes the first non-Communist prime minister of the eastern bloc.

Germany

On November 9, the Berlin Wall knocks down from the happy crowd. 

In August of 89’ thousands of Eastern Germans go to embassies of West Germany in Eastern Berlin, Czechoslovakia and Hungary asking for asylum. While visiting the Eastern Berlin the leader of Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev calls on the regime for reformations. The first demonstrations against the regime start at Eastern Berlin. On November 7 to 8, the East German government resigns while thousands of Eastern Germans demonstrators arriving at the borders and require cross them. On November 9, the Berlin Wall knocks down from the happy crowd. 

Bulgaria

Todor Zhivkov

In Bulgaria on November 10th, 89 ' regime forces to resign Bulgarian dictator Todor Zhivkov.

November 18, 1989. Sofia, Bulgaria. Anti-Communist demo in front of Alexander Nevski cathedral. An upside down portrait of Communist dictator Todor Shivkov next to a poster of Jesus Christ symbolizes change.

Czechoslovakia

In Czechoslovakia a student demonstration conflicts with the police and in this way starts the "Velvet Revolution’’. On November 20, half million people demonstrates in Prague. On November 27, a general strike takes place. Finally, on December 29 the communists’ sovereignty terminates after 41 years.

C.C.C.P.- Союз Советских Социалистических Республик(Russia)

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union

In Russia the reclassifications begin from 1985, when Mikhail Gorbachev takes up the leadership. He made very important changes among economy and leadership (Perestroika). With the Soviet Union in poor financial condition and the most of the Eastern European states to abandon communism, Gorbachev sought to end the    "Cold War’’. In 1989 the Russian confederation arraigns a new congress with labor representatives, where Boris Yeltsin becomes the new president. He made such laws, so that he could dislodge the Soviet leadership. A referendum was held concerning the preservation of the USSR on 17 March 1991.  On December 8, 1991, the Presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Beloveza agreements declared the dissolution of the Soviet Union and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) .

Albania

For many years, Albania was under communism, under the leadership of Enver Xoxha. The regime treated people with incredible violence, causing only bad blood. In 1985, Hoxha died and Ramiz Alia took his place. The Albanian regime was under the pressure of USA, Europe and the internal rebellion. After the Ceausescu’s execution (communist leader of Romania) in 1989, Alia resign the pact of Helsinki for the respect of human rights. After two years the Foreign Minister of Greece Antonis Samaras in cooperation with the Prime Minister Kostas Mitsotakis released the opening of the borders, resulting the entrance of thousands of immigrants in Greece.

Greece 

The 1989 can be called the year of instability and confusion as the electoral process took no majority government. In the elections of June 18, 1989 the people punishes PASOK scandals and comes first in power the party of New Democracy. In foreign policy, changes in the Balkans (1989-1991) overthrew balances beneficial for Greece. Two issues dominate: developments in Albania and the problem with Skopje.

This period is divided into two phases. In the first, they formed the government tzannis tzannetakis, which was sworn in on July 1, 1989 and resigned on October 12, 1989.

The Tzannetaki government based on parliamentary alliance SW - PLUS. The main purpose of government was to "cleanse" the scandals, that the reference in D. Papandreou and leaders of PASOK to the Special Court for the determination of any criminal responsibility.

In the second phase, they formed "ecumenical government" under X.Zolota, who was sworn in on November 22, 1989 and resulted in the election of April 8, 1990.

The government X.Zolota, former Governor of Bank of Greece, was a temporary emergency solution, unable to take serious decisions at the same time the economy threatened to spiral out of control. The government lasted as required by the President of the Republic election procedures.
Η κυβέρνηση Ξ.Ζολώτα, πρώην διοικητή Τράπεζας Ελλάδος, ήταν μια πρόσκαιρη λύση ανάγκης, ανίκανη να πάρει σοβαρές αποφάσεις, την ίδια στιγμή που η οικονομία κινδύνευε να ξεφύγει από κάθε έλεγχο. Η κυβέρνηση διήρκεσε όσο απαιτούσαν οι διαδικασίες εκλογής Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας.

On April 9, 1990 formed a government under the presidency of Constantine Mitsotakis.

In late October 1990 has already started the discussion and bilateral contacts with the Albanian government on the so-called "open borders." At that time the Greek government expressing interests of Greek magnates promoted "create hydroelectric plant from Greece to share the two countries" and "construction of Greek businessmen street Egnatia arriving in Durres." There ie need for cheap labor.

Andreas Papandreou

Konstantinos Mitsotakis, as priminister 1990

Immigration and Refugees in Greece

Greece in early 90s had to deal with geopolitical and economical problems. At this time there were not any Greek movements in other countries.

Until the collapse of the Soviet Union and other communist countries (Eastern Europe and Balkans) there were little or no immigrant and refugees movements. Suddenly in early 90s a huge amount of them moved in Greece, something that caused many problems to Greek citizens and generally to Greek society, as they resorted to crime so as to survive.

The majority of the refugees that arrived in Greece were from the Soviet Bloc and specifically from Georgia, due to the Abkhazian war that dominated. The numbers were not very large.

The Refugees of the past in Greece from Giannis Psifas

Literature

Maria Laina, Jamaica Inn

Our life has changed somehow
we don’t live in the city anymore
but on the road to the sea.
At nights we are concerned
with the routes of the moon
the flappings on the hills
and the horses descending into the water pit.

If you at last decide to come
you will be keeping me company at nights
now that autumn is coming
and the hinges creak in the dark.
You will learn to pray
in strength and desperation
and that strange feeling
will blend with the hard lines of nature.