Πέμπτη 15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

Imagine what will be a heritage of mankind in future. Make a list to explain your point of view.



Undoubtedly we live in an age in which human excels building structures having available the latest methods and technology developed within. Many times comes the nature of weather phenomena to remind the futility of his efforts to master. But there are monuments testify that the ancient civilizations were able to make their mark with a huge heritage attractions. The following seven attractions are undoubtedly proof global European heritage. And in my opinion they will remain for the next twenty years.

METEORA


Meteora is a cluster of huge dark sandstone cliffs which rise out of Kalambaka, near the first hills of Pindos and Chassia. The monasteries of Meteora, which are built on top of some rocks, is now the second most important monastic group in Greece after Mount Athos. Of the thirty who have been historically, currently operating only seven, which, since 1988, included in the list of UNESCO world heritage monuments. The average altitude is 313 meters. Studies show that the rocks were formed about 60 million years ago during the Paleogene Period. The weathering, erosion and earthquakes then gave them their present shape. The wild and inaccessible landscape was a convenient place for hermits Christians who settled in the area to date is not exactly known. The name Meteora attributed to the founder of the monastery Great Meteoron, Aghios Athanasios the Meteorite, which he called "Meteor" Platis Lithos which premiered in 1344. Generally the monastic life Meteora noted decline in the years of decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire and the ensuing Ottoman conquest of Thessaly in 1393. However, from the late 15th century and especially the 16th century Meteora know their greatest prosperity, and founded new monasteries, Catholic and monastic buildings, which are adorned with unique art paintings. In the 1920s they carved stairways and tunnels in the rocks making the odd accessible from the nearby plateau, so the traditional method of communication and supply the monasteries with ladders, ropes, pulleys and baskets, gradually abandoned.











POMPEII

Pompeii was a city in southern Italy, on the side of the Tyrrhenian Sea, near Naples today. Built in the 5th century BC by the Greeks in the Campania coast at the foot of Vesuvius, near Rome. Pompeii fell to the Romans and was greatly influenced by the Greco-Roman culture. The location and climate were famous, which made the best resort of ancient Rome. Many wealthy Romans had built up in the hills, covered with vineyards, beautiful country villas, which are adorned with various works of art. Pompeii was a thriving city with a population of 20,000-30,000 inhabitants. 62 AD was an earthquake that shook the city. But this earthquake was only a portent for the total destruction. A few years later, on August 24, 79 AD, after an eruption of Vesuvius, a huge wave of ash buried forever the city. It is estimated that more than 2,000 people were buried alive and so suffocated. The old city was forgotten and no one knew of its existence. First Division discovery of Pompeii was in 1592, by chance, during work on the construction of an underground aqueduct. Then they found many important objects, which together with those found in later excavations are today a real treasure of art. Excavations brought Pompeii alive to our eyes, revealing many details of everyday life of its inhabitants. They survived, protected from the ravages of time, all the rich mansions, with their numerous frescoes, the market, the numerous churches, the small and the large theater, arches, fountains, shops, private homes. Rescued and details that show us the sudden death of the city, from everyday life that ended abruptly. People who ate lying on couches, people drowned from the fumes trying to escape from the horrible death. Tables of inns were abandoned cups and dishes, a room found the bodies of seven children that death had prevent while playing. Infinitely great is the value of the ruins of Pompeii, because it gave us an idea of the Roman city as a whole, in the booming prosperity and wealth. These discoveries attracted global attention.







COLOSSEO


The Amphitheatrum Flavium or known by the name Colosseum was an amphitheater in Rome. Located on the southeast side of the Roman Forum. The Colosseum was constructed in the time of Vespasian in 72 AD, continued in the time of Tito which was completed in 80 AD Called the Flavian Amphitheatre, named after the dynasty of emperors who built. To construct, thousands of Jewish prisoners worked who had been captured by Titus after the destruction of Jerusalem. It took its name from the colossal statue of Nero which was located on the site built. It could hold 45,000 spectators and was elliptical shape with a circumference of 524 meters. The size was huge, 156 x 188 meters and its height reached 48 meters and has 4 floors. Of these, the first three had arches and fourth 40 windows. Over the 4th floor gallery there. The top floor was reserved for women and the lower classes of citizens, and the first for prominent citizens. The interior was divided into tiers, while the center of the arena, which was separated from the stands by a tall pedestal. Underneath the arena were underground. There were cages with animals, which could be lifted to ascend the animals in the arena as well as the mechanical devices of the building. Above the arena was a big tent, so that viewers be protected from the sun. The spectators entered the building through 80 inputs, 4 of which are used exclusively by the Roman senators and lords. The many gates gave the Coliseum can be filled in 15 minutes, and emptied in only 5. In the arena led two gates. The "gate of living flesh," from which the gladiators entered the arena, and the "death-gate", from which the battle dead removed. The orchestra was configured to place naval battles, duels and beast fights which the Roman emperors financed. There also were suffering Christians. The Colosseum were held competitions with free entry, which are organized by the emperors to increase their popularity. The matches lasted one day or more. They started with comical acts and exotic animals, and concludes with the duels between animals and gladiators. 80 AD inaugurated the Colosseum, with matches lasting a total of 100 days. The Colosseum functioned for about 400 years, with an interruption between the years 217-238 AD, due to a lightning strike that destroyed a large part of it. Today the Pope visits every Good Friday in memory of the Christian martyrs.












SAGRADA FAMILIA

The Sagrada Familia is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain, designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí. Although incomplete, the church is a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and launched in November 2010 and consecrated by Pope Benedict XVI and became Basilica and can now be celebrated there the Holy Mass and to watch the faithful. The Basilica of the Sagrada Familia was the inspiration of a Catalan bookseller, of Zosep Maria Bokampelia, founder of the Cultural Association of Worship St. Joseph. After a visit to the Vatican in 1872, the Bokampelia returned from Italy with the intention to build a church empefsmeni than in Loreto. The crypt of the church, funded by donations, began on March 19, 1882, the feast of St. Joseph, in the design of architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. The Antoni Gaudí began working in the project in 1883. On March 18, 1883 the Villar withdrew from the project and Gaudi took over the responsibility for the design, which radically changed. When Gaudí died in 1926, the basilica was completed in 15 to 25 percent. After Gaudí's death, the construction was continued under the direction of Domènec Sugrañes i Gras and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Parts of the royal incomplete and Gaudí's models and his workshop were destroyed during the war by Catalan anarchists. The current plan is based on reconstructed versions of the lost plans and on modern adaptations. Since 2006, work has focused on the crossing and supporting structure of the central tower of Jesus Christ and in the southern enclosure of the central aisle, which will make the facade of Glory. The roof of the main nave was completed and a pipe organ was installed in mid-2010, allowing the use of the still unfinished building for religious purposes. The construction of the Sagrada Familia is expected to be completed in 2026, on the anniversary of 100 years since Gaudi's death, while the brochure of the project considers the project to be completed in 2017 after additional funding of tourists who visited the Barcelona Olympics of 1992. Projects that have been processed with the aid of computers have been used to accelerate the construction, which was previously thought to hold hundreds of years, based on building techniques in the early 20th century.












EIFFEL TOWER

The Eiffel Tower is the hallmark of the city of Paris and is today one of the most famous buildings in the world. Constructed between 1887 and 1889 by the engineer Gustave Eiffel as the entrance to the international exhibition and Universell ep`efkairia the centennial anniversary of the French Revolution. A total of 300 workers joined 18,038 pieces of wrought iron prepared in puddling furnaces with 2.5 million rivets. He visited three levels, each accessible by stairs or elevator. To rise up to the first level need 300 steps. The third and largest level is accessible only by lift. Both the first and second level have a restaurant. The tower was inaugurated on March 31, 1889 and opened to the public on May 6, 1889. The tower has been highly criticized by the public when it was built, as many were of the view that it was inelegant. Daily newspapers were filled with angry letters from the artistic community of Paris. The novelist Guy de Maupassant is said to eat the lunch meal at the Tower restaurant every day. When asked why, he replied that it was the only place in Paris, from where one could not see the tower. Today, the Tower is widely considered to be a striking piece of structural art. One of the great cliches of Hollywood films is that the view from every window includes Parisian tower. The Eiffel had gotten permission for the tower to stand for 20 years; intended to be dissolved in 1909, when the property would revert to the City of Paris. The city had planned to demolish ton but as the tower proved valuable for communication purposes, were allowed to stay after the expiration of the license.












RILA MONASTERY

The Monastery of St. John of Rila, known simply as the Rila Monastery is the largest and most famous Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria. Located in the Rila Mountains, at a height of 1,147 meters and 117 km south of the capital, Sofia, in the deep valley of the Rilski River. The monastery is named after its founder, the hermit John of Rila. The entire monastery complex occupies an area of 8.800 m² and consists of a basilica, cells where the monks live and a tower. The monastery was founded in the 10th century and is one of the most important cultural, historical and architectural monuments of Bulgaria and major tourist attraction both for Bulgaria and for Southern Europe. In 1976 it was declared national historical monument of Bulgaria and in 1983 was declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Since 1991 it belongs entirely to the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Bulgaria. In 2008 she attracted 900,000 visitors. The monastery is depicted on the reverse of the banknote 1 lev, published in 1999. The monastery has always supported and was respected by the Bulgarian rulers. Large donations were made by almost all tsars of the Second Bulgarian Empire until the Ottoman Conquest. In her present position, the monastery was restored in the first half of the 14th century by Chrelio Ntragkolof, local feudal lord under Serbian sovereignty. The oldest building in the complex is the Chrelia Tower, 1334 - 1335 and a small church just next to it, 1343. At that time also owned the throne of the bishop and the richly carved monastery gates.

















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